Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Characteristics of Bladder Leiomyoma: A Case Report

Yu Yang

doi:10.5812/iranjradiol.68855

Corrected Proof scheduled for 15 (4)

Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Characteristics of Bladder Leiomyoma: A Case Report

Yu Yang ^{1
, *}

Author Information

¹ Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

Article information

Iranian Journal of Radiology: In Press (In Press); e68855
Published Online: August 13, 2018
Article Type: Case Report
Received: March 24, 2018
Revised: May 28, 2018
Accepted: July 16, 2018
DOI: 10.5812/iranjradiol.68855

To Cite: Yang Y. Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Characteristics of Bladder Leiomyoma: A Case Report, Iran J Radiol. Online ahead of Print ; In Press(In Press):e68855. doi: 10.5812/iranjradiol.68855.

Abstract

Bladder leiomyoma is a rare benign neoplasm that may mimic a malignant lesion in medical images. We report a woman with bladder leiomyoma who was correctly diagnosed by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). The patient was referred to our hospital after a bladder neoplasm was detected during a health checkup. CEUS showed fast wash-in and slow wash-out in the tumor, similar to a normal bladder wall. To conclude, bladder leiomyoma has its specific characteristics on CEUS, and this modality may be a good option for diagnosis of bladder leiomyoma.

Copyright © 2018, Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits copy and redistribute the material just in noncommercial usages, provided the original work is properly cited

1. Introduction

2. Case Presentation

A 58-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for a bladder neoplasm that had been detected during a routine health examination. She had no obstructive or irritative urinary symptoms, and laboratory workup was normal. Sonographic examination was performed using an EPIQ 5 ultrasound machine (Philips Medical Systems, Netherlands) equipped with a transvaginal probe (C10-3v). The examination, performed with the patient in the lithotomy position, revealed a 28 mm × 16 mm × 25 mm, well-defined, hypoechoic sessile mass in the posterior wall of the bladder (Figure 1). Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) was used to detect the tumor blood flow. Informed consent was obtained before CEUS was performed. Contrast agent (SonoVue; Bracco, Milan, Italy) was mixed with 5 mL normal saline and a 2.4-mL bolus of this mixture was administered via the median cubital vein, followed immediately by a 5-mL normal saline flush. Real-time continuous ultrasound examination under a low mechanical index was used to match up this microbubble contrast agent.

Figure 1. A 58-year-old woman with bladder neoplasm. Sagittal transvaginal sonogram shows a well-defined, hypoechoic mass in the posterior wall.

Figure 2. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the same patient. A, Contrast agent wash-in at 12 seconds; B, Maximum enhancement signal at 18 seconds; C, A small amount of microbubbles is still present at 91 seconds.

The Philips Ultrasound QVue DICOM Viewer was used for analysis of CEUS images (Figure 2). Contrast agent appeared in the mass 12 seconds after intravenous injection (Figure 2A), and the mass enhanced homogeneously. At 18 seconds, the peak time, the mass showed mild enhancement in comparison to the adjacent bladder wall (Figure 2B). Then, the contrast was washed out gradually. A small amount of contrast was still present at 91 seconds (Figure 2C).

Transurethral resection was performed. Cystoscopy showed the mass arising from the posterior wall close to the neck of the bladder. The epithelial lining in the area appeared normal. Immunohistochemical staining showed the mass to be Actin (+), Desmin (+), S-100 (−), CD34 (−), and Ki-67 (< 5%+), confirming the diagnosis leiomyoma.

3. Discussion

Bladder leiomyoma is a rare benign tumor and there are only a few reports of the pattern of enhancement in these tumors on contrast-enhanced CT and MRI (4). There are no reports of CEUS findings in bladder leiomyoma. Ultrasound examination, especially transvaginal examination, can be advantageous for diagnosis of bladder leiomyoma because of its high soft tissue resolution. Moreover, CEUS using SonoVue can give an accurate picture of tumor blood flow as this microbubble contrast agent has a strictly intravascular distribution (5).

Drudi et al. (6), showed that contrast agent is washed out of urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) within 58 seconds of intravenous administration; whereas, in the normal bladder wall, it persists beyond 80 seconds. In our patient, microbubbles were still seen at 91 seconds, which is consistent with the normal bladder wall of Drudi et al.’s findings. Wang et al. also reported that most UCCs show fast wash-in and fast wash-out, relative to the corresponding bladder wall or prostate (7).

The ideal treatment for bladder leiomyoma has not yet been established. However, some authors have suggested that an inference can be drawn from the wide experience with uterine leiomyomas. Bladder leiomyomas have many histopathological features in common with uterine leiomyomas (1). The probability of uterine leiomyoma transforming to sarcoma is small, and there have been no reports of malignant transformation in bladder leiomyoma. Therefore, a wait-and-watch approach seems reasonable (8, 9). Correct identification of bladder leiomyoma by medical imaging will thus help avoid unnecessary surgery.

Based on the experience of this case, CEUS appears to be a good option for noninvasive diagnosis of bladder leiomyoma.

Footnotes

Authors’ Contributions: Yu Yang carried out the final preparation of the manuscript.

Conflict of Interests: The authors have no conflict of interest to report.

Funding/Support: This work was supported by Beijing Excellent Talent Program [grant number 2006000021469G228].

References

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3. Park JW, Jeong BC, Seo SI, Jeon SS, Kwon GY, Lee HM. Leiomyoma of the urinary bladder: a series of nine cases and review of the literature. Urology. 2010;76(6):1425-9. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2010.02.046. [PubMed: 20947147].
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6. Drudi FM, Di Leo N, Maghella F, Malpassini F, Iera J, Rubini A, et al. CEUS in the study of bladder, method, administration and evaluation, a technical note. J Ultrasound. 2014;17(1):57-63. doi: 10.1007/s40477-013-0032-y. [PubMed: 24616745]. [PubMed Central: PMC3945194].
7. Wang XH, Wang YJ, Lei CG. Evaluating the perfusion of occupying lesions of kidney and bladder with contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Clin Imaging. 2011;35(6):447-51. doi: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2010.11.001. [PubMed: 22040789].
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9. Bai SW, Jung HJ, Jeon MJ, Jung DJ, Kim SK, Kim JW. Leiomyomas of the female urethra and bladder: a report of five cases and review of the literature. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2007;18(8):913-7. doi: 10.1007/s00192-006-0257-9. [PubMed: 17333443].

Iranian Journal of Radiology

Published by: Kowsar

Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Characteristics of Bladder Leiomyoma: A Case Report

Article information

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Case Presentation

3. Discussion

Footnotes

References

Readers' Comments

Iranian Journal of Radiology

Published by: Kowsar

Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Characteristics of Bladder Leiomyoma: A Case Report

Article information

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Case Presentation

3. Discussion

Footnotes

References

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